Sermon AM, Kitchen S. Using the international normalised ratio system in patients with liver disease. Thrombus 2009; 13.2: 4

Thrombus

Reference list

Sermon AM, Kitchen S. Using the international normalised ratio system in patients with liver disease. Thrombus 2009; 13.2: 4–6.

1. Tripodi A, Salerno F, Chantarangkul V et al Evidence of normal thrombin generation in cirrhosis despite abnormal conventional coagulation tests. Hepatology 2005; 41:
553–558.

2. Quick AJ. Clinical Interpretation of the one-stage prothrombin time. Circulation 1961; 24: 1422–1428.

3. Thomson JM (ed). Blood Coagulation and Haemostasis: A Practical Guide, fourth edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1991.

4. World Health Organization. WHO Technical Report Series No 889, 1999. Guidelines for thromboplastins and plasma used to control oral anticoagulant therapy.

http://www.who.int/bloodproducts/publications/WHO_TRS_889_A3.pdf (last accessed 8 July 2009)

5. Freeman RB Jr, Wiesner RH, Harper A et al The new liver allocation system: moving towards evidence-based transplantation policy. Liver Transpl 2002; 8: 851–858.

6. Neuberger J, Gimson A, Davies M et al Selection of patients for liver transplantation and allocation of donated livers in the UK. Gut 2008; 57: 252–257.

7. Bellest L, Eschwège V, Poupon R, Chazouillères O, Robert A. A modified international normalized ratio as an effective way of prothrombin time standardization. Hepatology 2007; 46: 528–534.

8. Tripodi A, Mannucci PM. Abnormalities of hemostasis in chronic liver disease: reappraisal of their clinical significance and need for clinical and laboratory research.
J Hepatol 2007; 46: 727–733.

9. Trotter JF, Olson J, Lefkowitz J et al. Changes in international normalized ratio (INR) and model for endstage liver disease (MELD) based on selection of clinical laboratory. Am J Transplant 2007; 7: 1624–1628.

Further reading

1. Biggs R, Denson KW. Standardization of the one-stage prothrombin time for the control of anticoagulant therapy. BMJ 1967; 1: 84–88.

2. Deitcher SR. Interpretation of the international normalised ratio in patients with liver disease. Lancet 2002; 359: 47–48.

3. Denson KW, Reed SV, Haddon ME. Validity of the INR system for patients with liver impairment. Thromb Haemost 1995; 73: 162–166.

4. Kitchen S, Malia RG, Greaves M, Preston FE. Comparison of human and rabbit
brain thromboplastin in evaluation of haemostatic defect of liver disease. Lancet 1986;
2: 1463.

5. Kovacs MJ, Wong A, MacKinnon K et al Assessment of the Validity of the INR System for Patients with Liver Impairment. Thromb Haemost 1994; 71: 727–730.

6. Kitchen S, Preston FE. Standardization of prothrombin time for laboratory control of oral anticoagulant therapy. Semin Thromb Hemost 1999; 25: 17–25.

7. Ramsey G. Treating coagulopathy in liver disease with plasma transfusions or recombinant factor VIIa: an evidence-based review. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2006; 19: 113–126.

8. Tripodi A, Caldwell SH, Hoffman M, Trotters JF, Sanyal AJ. Review Article: The prothrombin time test as a measure of bleeding and prognosis in liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 26: 141–148.

9. Wiesner RH, McDiarmid SV, Kamath PS et al MELD and PELD: application of survival models to liver allocation. Liver Transpl 2007; 7: 567–580.

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