Thrombus

 

 

Reference list

 

Knowlson L, Randall K. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thrombus 2008; 12.4: 6–8.

 

1. Levi M, Ten Cate H. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 586–592.

 

2. Toh CH, Dennis M. Current clinical practice. DIC 2002: a review of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hematology 2003; 8: 65–71.

 

3. Levi M. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 2191–2195.

 

4. Hoffmann JN, Muhlbayer D, Jochum M, Inthorn D. Effect of long-term and high-dose antithrombin supplementation on coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 1851–1859.

 

5. Ho LW, Kam PC, Thong CL. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Current Anaesthesia and Critical Care, 2005; 16: 151–161.

 

6. Taylor FB Jr, Toh CH, Hoots WK et al. Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost 2001; 86: 1327–1330.

 

7. Franchini M, Lippi G, Manzato F. Recent acquistions in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb J 2006; 4: 4.

 

8. Bakhtiari K, Meijers JC, de Jonge E, Levi M. Prospective vaildation of the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 2416–2421.

 

9. Rebulla P, Finazzi G, Marangoni F, et al. The threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in adults with acute myeloid leukaemia. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1870–1875.

 

10. McClelland DBL. Handbook of Transfusion Medicine, 4th Edition. London: The Stationery Office, 2007.

 

11. Levi M, de Jonge E, van der Poll T. Plasma and plasma components in the management of disseminated coagulation. Best Prac Res Clin Haematol 2006; 19: 127–142.

 

12. Pernerstorfer T, Hollenstein U, Hansen J et al. Heparin blunts endotoxin-induced coagulation activation. Circulation 1999; 100: 2485–2490.

 

13. Slofstra SH, vanÕt Veer C, Buurman WA et al. Low molecular weight heparin attenuates multiple organ failure in a murine model of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 1365–1370.

 

14. Feinstein DI. Diagnosis and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation: the role of heparin therapy. Blood 1982; 60: 284–287.

 

15. Carey MJ, Rodgers GM. Disseminated intravascular coagulation: clinical and laboratory aspects. Am J Hematol 1998; 59: 65–73.

 

16. Ibbotson T, Perry CM. Danaparoid: a review of its use in thromboembolic and coagulation disorders. Drugs 2002; 62: 2283–2314.

 

17. De Jonge E, Pascale E, Dekkers P, et al. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor dose-dependently inhibits coagulation activation without influenzing the fibrinolytic and cytokine response during human endotoxemia. Blood 2000; 95: 1124–1129.

 

18. Abraham E, Reinhart K, Opal S, et al. Efficacy and safety of tifacogin (recombinant Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor) in severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003; 290: 238–247.

 

19. Wiedermann CJ, Kaneider NC. A systematic review of antithrombin concentrate use in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation of severe sepsis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2006; 17: 521–526.

 

20. Kienast J, Juers M, Wiedermann CJ, et al. for the Kybersept study group. Treatment effects of high-dose antithrombin without concomitant heparin in patients with severe sepsis with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 90–97.

 

21. Fourrier F, Chopin C, Huart JJ, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of antithrombin III concentrates in septic shock with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Chest 1993; 104: 882–888.

 

22. Warren BL, Eid A, Singer P, et al. Caring for the critically ill patient. High-dose antithrombin III in severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 286: 1869–1878.

 

23. Afshari A, Wetterslev J, Brok J, M¿ller A. Antithrombin III in critically ill patients: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMJ 2007; 335: 1248–1251.

 

24. Aibiki M, Fukuoka N, Nishiyama T, Maekawa S, Shirakawa Y. Differences in antithrombin III activities by administration method in critical patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation: a pharmacokinetic study. Shock 2007; 28: 141–147.

 

25. Data Sheet: Novoseven

http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/Profs/Datasheet/n/Novoseveninj.htm

 

26. Dutton R, McCunn M, Hyder M, et al. Factor VIIa for Correction of Traumatic Coagulapathy. J Trauma 2004; 57: 709–719.

 

27. Stein DM, Dutton RP. Uses of recombinant factor VIIa in trauma. Curr Opin Crit Care 2004; 10: 520–528.

 

28. Boffard KD, Riou B, Warren B, et al. Recombinant Factor VIIa as adjunctive therapy for bleeding control in severely injured trauma patients: two parallel randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials. J Trauma 2005; 59: 8–18.

 

29. Aledort LM. Comparative thrombotic event incidence after infusion of recombinant factor VIIa versus factor VIII inhibitor bypass activity. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2: 1700–1708.

 

30. Bernard GR, Ely EW, Wright TJ, Fraiz J, et al. Safety and dose relationship of recombinant human activated protein C for coagulopathy in severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 2001; 29: 2051–2559.

 

31. Bernard GR, Vincent J, Laterre P, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 699–709.

 

32. Vincent JL, Angus DC, Artigas A, et al. Effects of drotrecogin alfa (activated) on organ dysfunction in PROWESS trial. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 834–840.

 

33. Dhainaut JF, Yan SB, Joyce DE, et al. Treatment effects of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in patients with severe sepsis with or without overt disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2: 1924–1933.

 

34. Bernard GR, Margolis BD, Shanies HM, et al. Extended evaluation of recombinant human activated protein C United States Trial (ENHANCE US): a single arm, Phase 3B multicenter study of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in severe sepsis. Chest 2004; 125: 2206–2216.

 

35. Angus DC, Birmingham MC, Balk RA, et al. E5 murine monoclonal antiendotoxin antibody in gram-negative sepsis: a randomised controlled trial. JAMA 2000; 253: 1723–1730.

 

36. Abraham E, Anzueto A, Gutierrez G, et al. Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor alpha in patients with sepsis syndrome: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. TNF-alpha Mab Sepsis Study Group. JAMA 1995: 273: 934–941.

 

37. Abraham E, Anzueto A, Gutierrez G, et al. Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock. NORSEPT II Study Group. Lancet 1998; 351: 929–933.

 

 

Published by Hayward Medical Communications

www.hayward.co.uk